The Battle of
Lundy's Lane (also known as the Battle of Niagara Falls) was a battle of
the Anglo-American War of 1812, which took place on 25 July 1814, in
present-day Niagara Falls, Ontario. It was one of the bloodiest battles
of the war, and it is considered the deadliest battle ever fought on
Canadian soil.
Three weeks
earlier, the third and final major invasion of Canada by American forces
in the War of 1812 began in the early morning of July 3, 1814. That
morning, a large American force crossed the Niagara River (the boundary
between Canada and the US) from Buffalo, New York, and surrounded and
captured Fort Erie. The Americans, numbering about 2,500, began pushing
north (downriver) along the Niagara River, and after advancing only 20
miles, they encountered 3,500 British soldiers, Canadian militia and
native warriors on the highest point of land at the Niagara Falls. The
battle, which was about a mile and a half from the falls, began just
after 7pm and was over by midnight. The Americans, having suffered so
many casualties, were badly outnumbered and retreated the next day, to
the safety of Ft. Erie. Historian Richard V. Barbuto says, "On 26 July,
Brown's plan to advance on Burlington Heights was irretrievably
shattered. Drummond had secured the forts at the northern end of the
Niagara, and he had blunted an American advance. Although there was
still a lot of fight in both forces, the balance of combat power on the
Niagara Peninsula had swung from the invaders to the defenders".
The British won a
strategic victory at Lundy's Lane, and stopped the American invasion,
which was intended to capture British territory in order to secure more
favorable terms in treaty negotiations that were underway in Europe.
In respect to the
effect of the battle on the outcome of the War of 1812, the British won
a strategic victory, since the Americans on the Niagara had suffered so
many casualties that they were now badly outnumbered, and were forced
to retire to Fort Erie.
The Americans
held Fort Erie, which was besieged by the British, until the onset of
winter. On November 5, 1814, the fort was abandoned and destroyed; the
Americans crossed the Niagara back into New York, and the Niagara
Campaign of 1814 was over.